Unraveling the Formation Mechanisms of Trimethylamine N Oxide and Its Inhibition by Food Ingredients: Toward Cardioprotective Food Development Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry Trimethylamine N oxide (TMAO) is a small molecule produced in humans primarily by the gut liver axis and has become an important biomarker, and possible mediator, of cardiometabolic and renal disease. Dietary choline, phosphatidylcholine ( Can diet modulate trimethylamine N oxide (TMAO) production? What do we know so far? European Journal of Nutrition Springer Nature Link Dietary bioactive ingredients to modulate the gut microbiota derived metabolite TMAO. New opportunities for functional food development Food & Function (RSC Publishing) DOI:10.1039 D0FO01237H The anti atherogenic bioactive metabolites of natural medicine generated by host microbe co metabolism system. The terminal metabolites of low bioavailable polysaccharides are SCFAs, among which propionate and butyrate can effectively attenuate