Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is the narrowing or blockage of blood vessels that run from the heart to other parts of the body. Smoking can cause PAD. Quit smoking to protect your Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) Symptoms, Causes and Treatment Smoking and Vascular Disease Pod based e cigarettes versus combustible cigarettes: The impact on peripheral and cerebral vascular function and subjective experiences An integral perspective of canonical cigarette and e cigarette related cardiovascular toxicity based on the adverse outcome pathway framework ScienceDirect